الدحيح | دولة المخدرات

زهرة بنفسجية جميلة، بس أوعى تنسيك المصادر
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Articles and Related Links:
1- https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.21.21255888v1.full
2- https://www.unodc.org/res/wdr2021/field/WDR21_Booklet_3.pdf
3- https://www.drugabuse.gov/drug-topics/trends-statistics/overdose-death-rates
4- https://www.history.com/topics/crime/history-of-heroin-morphine-and-opiates
5- https://www.science.org/news/2018/04/did-ancient-mesopotamians-get-high-near-eastern-rituals-may-have-included-opium
6- https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/heroin/etc/history.html
7- https://www.britannica.com/science/laudanum
8- https://ar.wikisource.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF_413/%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B3
9- https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/forefront/news/as-morphine-turns-200-drug-that-blocks-its-side-effects-reveals-new-secrets
10- https://www.britannica.com/topic/Opium-Wars
11- https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/frontpage/this-day-in-history-the-shanghai-opium-commission-1909.html
12- https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/press/releases/2017/November/afghan-opium-production-jumps-to-record-level–up-87-per-cent_-survey.html
13- https://www.unodc.org/pdf/report_2001-06-26_1/report_2001-06-26_1.pdf
14- https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/aotp.html
15- http://www.country-data.com/frd/cs/afghanistan/afghanistan.html
16- https://www.britannica.com/event/Anglo-Afghan-Wars
17- https://www.britannica.com/topic/Great-Game
18- https://www.jstor.org/stable/4311768?seq=9#metadata_info_tab_contents
19- http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1573181.stm
20- https://www.theguardian.com/news/2007/jul/23/guardianobituaries.afghanistan
21- http://countrystudies.us/afghanistan/28.htm
22- http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/29/newsid_2970000/2970317.stm
23- https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-47861444
24- https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/jan/09/how-the-heroin-trade-explains-the-us-uk-failure-in-afghanistan
25- https://www.unodc.org/res/wdr2021/field/WDR21_Booklet_1.pdf
26- https://www.unodc.org/pdf/report_2001-06-26_1/report_2001-06-26_1.pdf

Wikimedia commons (Opium flower / Morphine Chemical Structure / Codeine Chemical Structure/ Heroine Chemical Structure/ Assyrian man with poppy plant/ The Exaltation of the Flower/ Akhenaten/ Tutankhamun/ Morpheus/ First opium war / second opium war / Afghan army victory in India/ Zaher Shah/ Mohammad Daud Khan/ Ruhollah Khomeini/ Nur Muhammad Taraki/ Hafizullah Amin/ Soviet–Afghan War/ 9-11 strikes/US soldiers in Afghanistan/ Hamid Karzai/

Britannica (Charles Wright/ Heroine / Amanullah Khan/ Ashraf Ghani
nam.ac. uk (Great Game war )

military.com (soviet troops in Afghanistan / Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan

Robert Nickelsberg/Gamma-Rapho via Ge-ty Images (Taliban taking control of Afghanistan 1996)
Zabi Karimi/AP (Taliban takes control of Afghanistan 2021)

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